Basic steps in laparoscopic surgery

(1) position

         The bladder lithotomy position is easy to lift the palace. If you do not need to lift the palace, you can also choose the supine position. Because the pelvic cavity needs to be exposed during the operation, the head is usually taken at a low position.

(2) anesthesia

         The first choice is general anesthesia.

(3) Establishment of pneumoperitoneum

         Carbon dioxide, abdominal pressure 12-15mmHg

(4) Incision selection and placement of the trocar

         The first puncture can be selected between the umbilicus or the umbilicus and the xiphoid process. The umbilical incision can be selected from the upper and lower edges of the umbilical or the central umbilical incision. In the traditional way, the pneumoperitoneum is used to form the pneumoperitoneum and then puncture with a 10 mm diameter puncture device. Two to four puncture cannulas with a diameter of 5-10 mm were placed under the laparoscopic direct view on both sides of the lower pontoon, and surgery was performed. You can also use a visual puncture device for puncture, pneumoperitoneum, puncture, and placement of the camera in one step.

(5) Place the uterus

         For married laparoscopic surgery, a uterus device should be placed to facilitate the operation, and different uterine devices are selected according to different operations.

(6) intraoperative monitoring

         Life characteristics such as blood pressure, respiration, heart rate; monitoring pulse, oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide partial pressure; intraoperative blood loss